He saw the importance of trade and promoted it vigorously. were a nomadic tribe. It needed only minor repairs before it could be crossed. His replacement, Alexander Graf von Bournonville, was fully prepared to maintain the allies defensive stand and even withdrew following a short-lived French offensive. Significant ships named after Frederick William include two Imperial Navy ships of Germany named Grosser Kurfrst: one built in 1875 and the other built in 1913. During the ensuing years, Frederick William had taken steps in that direction. Frederick William, German Friedrich Wilhelm known as the Great Elector, (born Feb. 16, 1620, Clln, near Berlindied May 9, 1688, Potsdam), After 1206 they established an enormous empire under Genghis Khan, linking western and eastern Eurasia. Although it would again prove itself a force to be reckoned with under its next king, Charles XII, the Swedish empire, stretched thin and exposed as little more than a client state of France, was doomed to inevitable collapse. Frederick William called off further offensives and was content to allow the remaining Swedes to withdraw. [2], This article is about the Elector of Brandenburg. was the son and successor of Frederick I who disliked the French and got rid of most of its luxury and used the saved money to strengthen Prussia by doubling the size of its army and making it the most efficient fighting force in Europe. This was exactly what Frederick William had expected; he was already ordering his victorious cavalry forward to cut off the Swedish retreat. RT @HREAssociation: The family of the Great Elector Frederick William of Brandenburg (1620-88) - Die Familie des Groen Kurfrsten Friedrich Wilhelm von Brandenburg by M Czwiczk. The elector was no friend of France. The emperor wished only to protect Germany, and in accordance with this wish he ordered Montecuccoli to act conservatively and engage the enemy only if victory could be assured. Taxation;Brandenburg On occasion, he simply authorized the seizure of taxes without the consent of the estates. It had few outside possessions and almost no influence aside from its status as an electorate of the empire. He established local governments in each province, headed by a governor and a chancellor, but they reported to his central government in Berlin. The alliance of Sweden and France had checked the swelling power of the Hapsburgs during the Thirty Years War. At the same time, the young and impressionable King Charles XI had just reached the age of legitimacy and was assuming power from a regency government. [4], Statue of Frederick William at Charlottenburg Palace, Berlin, Frederick William was a military commander of wide renown, and his standing army would later become the model for the Prussian Army. Instead they were enlisted into the army. Frederick William was a staunch pillar of the Calvinist faith, associated with the rising commercial class. [8], In 1682, at the suggestion of the Dutch merchant and privateer Benjamin Raule, he granted a charter to the Brandenburg Africa Company (BAC), marking the first organised and sustained attempt by a German state to take part in the Atlantic slave trade. The elector initially allied with the Dutch during the French-Dutch War (1672-1678) French-Dutch War (1672-1678)[French Dutch War (1672-1678)] , but Louiss victories led Frederick William to abandon the Dutch and join France. He is noted for his use of broad directives and delegation of decision-making to his commanders, which would later become the basis for the German doctrine of Auftragstaktik, and he is noted for using rapid mobility to defeat his foes.[6]. Inner-Polish Catholic opposition to an intervention on the Protestant Hungarian rebels' side added to the resentments. The Great Elector: Frederick William of Brandenburg-Prussia' Summer Reading: the Kaiserreich, 18711914; German Unification German-Speaking States Were Being Left Behind On that date in 1675, the Prussians achieved the start of their proud military tradition. Military;Brandenburg. 500 matching entries found. He created a strong army and the best standing army in Europe. Browse 66 great elector frederick williamstock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. For the love of God is WebFrederick is the home of Riverside Research Park, a large biomedical research park located on Frederick's east side. As Brandenburg-Prussia remained economically impoverished after the Thirty Years War, he hoped to replicate the mercantile successes of the Dutch East India Company. Given the grave condition of his overextended realm, more French subsidies were imperative. were members of the highest rank of Russian feudal society. They were loosely confederate, but conquered the Kievan stat in 13th century. Custom and user added quotes with pictures. The office of poetry is not to make us think accurately, but feel truly. With the Hessian troops, he was involved in the War of the Sixth Coalition against Napoleon in 1813. Two years earlier, Swedens chancellor, Magnus de la Gardie, had pushed the empire into an alliance with France. Showing search results for "Frederick William The Great Electorhole" sorted by relevance. The Peace of Westphalia Westphalia, Peace of (1648) ended the Thirty Years War in 1648, and although the Calvinists in the empire were guaranteed religious toleration, Frederick Williams territorial gains were minimal. Leave Feedback about your eBay ViewItem experience, - eBay Money Back Guarantee - opens in a new window or tab, The Great Elector: Frederick William of Brandenburg-Pr. Christianity is an old metaphysical fiction, stuffed with fables, contradictions Absolutely no hesitation whatsoever in buying from again! The timing for the war was ideal. He also simplified travel in Brandenburg and the Duchy of Prussia by connecting riverways with canals, a system that was expanded by later Prussian architects, such as Georg Steenke; the system is still in use today. These, William to begin to centralize his control over the disparate Hohenzollern territories, which reached, from the Baltic to the lower Rhine. He is noted for his use of broad directives and delegation of decision-making to his commanders, which would later become the basis for the German doctrine of Auftragstaktik, and for using rapid mobility to defeat his foes.[6]. Furthermore, Sobieski was opposed by the Papacy, by Polish gentry who saw the Ottomans as the greater threat, and by Polish magnates bribed by Berlin and Vienna. Given their crippling financial crisis, it was obvious that the Swedes would need outside help if they wished to hold onto all the pieces of their empire. Owing to the disorder in Brandenburg during the Thirty Years' War, he passed part of his youth in the Netherlands, studying at Leiden University and learning something of war and statecraft under Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange. Out of these unpromising beginnings Frederick William managed to rebuild his war-ravaged territories. During the Thirty Years' War, George William strove to maintain, with a minimal army, a delicate balance between the Protestant and Catholic forces fighting throughout the Holy Roman Empire. was a family dominated politics in German states. Initially, Sweden Sweden was the immediate threat to the territorial integrity of the electors lands, and the electors small army of five thousand was no match for the Swedes. Events were particularly chaotic after Ivan's son, Theodore, died in 1598 without an heir. Already the Brandenburger artillery was raining hell down upon the Swedes, goading the younger Wrangel to move. Frederick William was Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia, thus ruler of Brandenburg-Prussia, from 1640 until his death in 1688. Read reviews from worlds largest community for readers. The Great Elector is most famous for building a strong standing army, with an elite officer corps. Despite being a lover of war, Charles XI was not eager to comply with the French demand. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License. But today's parents are beginning to recognize it as a strong classic and one of the top royal baby boy names . Only through constant expansion could it manage to protect itself, but with a pacific-minded government in place to watch over the youthful king, conquest was not an option. Naturally, neither Wrangel nor his younger brother Waldemar, who at times controlled the army because of the elders recurring case of gout, even considered meeting the request. He saw the importance of trade and promoted it vigorously. Frederick William was a staunch pillar of the Calvinist faith, associated with the rising commercial class. **d**. Perhaps your interest in this region's Civil War history first led you to make Frederick County your destination. (571) became Hapsburg emperor in 1711. He succeeded in his goal of centralizing the administration and increasing the revenue,[2] and was an advocate of mercantilism, monopolies, subsidies, tariffs, and internal improvements. The army supported Frederick William and his decisions. challenges. Condition: New. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). I Very fast delivery, good seller! WebFrederick II, byname Frederick the Great, German Friedrich der Grosse, (born January 24, 1712, Berlin, Prussia [Germany]died August 17, 1786, Potsdam, near Berlin), king of Prussia (174086), a brilliant military campaigner who, in a series of diplomatic stratagems and wars against Austria and other powers, greatly enlarged Prussias territories and However, if victory could somehow be achieved, the prospects of increasing ones prestige and influence were tremendous. Protestantism;Brandenburg. After his wife died, he began to rule harshly. Absolutely no hesitation whatsoever in buying from again! The "Great Elector" started a counter-offensive, pursuing the retreating Swedish forces through Swedish Pomerania. It was a remarkable display of troop coordination, and the Brandenburger generals conducted the move so secretly that upon reaching their destination, they were as yet entirely undetected by the Swedes. [7], Although a strict Calvinist who stood ready to form alliances against the Catholic states led by France's Louis XIV, he was tolerant of Catholics and Jews. ", Wilson, Peter H. "The Great Elector. View basket for details. Unfortunately for the young king, reality on the ground called his hand. He became rigidly controlled in highly militarized society. Mason Copyright 1995-2023 eBay Inc. All Rights Reserved. Michael Romanov was crown tsar to end the Time of Troubles. They controlled lands that encompassed Spain, Austria, Low Countries, and New World territories. He later destroyed another Swedish army that invaded the Duchy of Prussia during the Great Sleigh Drive in 1678. In the seventeenth century, there was little German nationalism, and localism reigned supreme. During the subsequent campaign he successfully conquered Swedish Pomerania, capturing Stettin, Stralsund, and Greifswald in succession. Luckily for him, the Swedes were in no mood to press their advantage. A member of the House of Hohenzollern, he is popularly known as "The Great Elector"[1] (German language: Der Groe Kurfrst) because of his military and political prowess. He began as a successful leader, adding lands to Russia. Frederick William was encamped with his army deep inside Franconia when news of the Swedish invasion reached him in early January. Knowing that success relied entirely upon the element of surprise, he prepared to move with great speed and accordingly decided to advance with only his cavalry and as many infantry as could be loaded onto available wagons. But the prospect of facing the indomitable French war machine alone was daunting. At the close of the campaign, Waldemar had a paltry 4,000 men remaining at his disposal. Between 17,000 and 30,000 enslaved Africans were transported by the BAC to the Americas before the colony was sold to the Dutch in 1721.[9]. Operating independently for the first couple of months, the Brandenburgers were too weak to strike Turenne. There was no guarantee that the Austrians and the Dutch would welcome his return. After marching 250 kilometres in 15 days back to Brandenburg, he caught the Swedes by surprise and managed to defeat them on the field at the Battle of Fehrbellin, destroying the myth of Swedish military invincibility. Exhausted by days of hard riding and fighting, the Brandenburgers declined to pursue. Our goal is to help you by delivering amazing quotes to bring inspiration, personal growth, love and happiness to your everyday life. In pursuing his military goals and strengthening the government, the elector worsened the plight of the middle classes and urban inhabitants. In 1668 he introduced the Prussian General Staff; it became the model in controlling an army for other European powers. Following the Thirty Years' War, which devastated much of the Holy Roman Empire, Frederick William focused on rebuilding his war-ravaged territories. Without a doubt, France under the great Sun King, Louis XIV, was the dominant power in Europe during the third quarter of the 16th century. As expected, the Holy Roman Emperor was unwilling to sacrifice any of his army in the defense of Brandenburg. The seeds were thus sown for the dramatic growth of the army in generations to come. After Fehrbellin, the Great Elector earned the leverage necessary to enlarge his peacetime army against the wishes of the noble estates. The elector was perhaps happier with Dorothea, who was more willing to join him in hunting and drinking than was Louise Henrietta. Frederick William was fully determined to use Swedish ignorance to his advantage. The reign of Frederick William, the Great Elector, led to the rise of Brandenburg-Prussia as a major state in northern Germany, paving the way for the emergence of Prussia as a leading European power in the eighteenth century. With their cannons blazing, the Brandenburger cavalry smashed into the remnants of the disordered Swedish right and sent it fleeing into Fehrbellin. Yet this Brandenburg ruler was dubbed the "Great Elector" already, publishing a biography with the same title. He gave the Junkers exclusive right to be officers in his army. His frustration mounting, Frederick William attempted to push the Austrians into the war, convincing them that he, being an elector of the Empire, was in overall command. Frederick William, the Great Elector, Faith Healer Peter Popoff Is Exposed as a Fraud, Little League Baseball Star Danny Almonte Is Found to Be Overage, Crucial Conversations: Tools for Talking When Stakes are High. This ended with the treaties of Labiau, Wehlau, Bromberg and Oliva; they removed Swedish control of the Duchy of Prussia, which meant he held it direct from the Holy Roman Emperor. Frederick William, preferring hunting rather than the arts, left court culture to Louise Henrietta, although Frederick William had neither the inclination nor, more important, the finances to emulate Louis XIVs Versailles Palace. For the time being, he was correct in this assumption. After procrastinating for as long as possible, Charles at last issued the order to take the offensive. 6731 Whittier Avenue, Suite C-100 McLean, VA 22101, Stay up to date with all of our latest news, Sophia Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glcksburg, Philip, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glcksburg, Gustav Adolph, Duke of Mecklenburg-Gstrow, Joachim Frederick, Elector of Brandenburg, Articles incorporating a citation from the Encyclopedia Americana, Articles incorporating a citation from the Encyclopedia Americana with a Wikisource reference, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia. His inheritance consisted of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, the Duchy of Cleves, the County of Mark, and the Duchy of Prussia. To the east was Prussia Prussia , of which the kings of Poland were the nominal overlords, and to the west the small states of Cleves and Mark. For the full article, see Frederick William . Spindell was first appointed When the elector finally petitioned the Dutch for aid, they agreed to dispatch their fleet to the Baltic to challenge the Swedes. A learned man, he founded a university and established the Berlin library. Frederick William celebrated his driving off the Swedes, while Waldemar insisted that his bloody charges had delayed the enemy long enough to save the bulk of his force. Despite the new pact, the electors position was still perilous. After a reign of forty-eight years, Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, left behind him in 1688 a military and bureaucratic system that endured until 1945. Shortly afterward, a combined Dutch-Danish fleet intercepted the Swedish navy and wrecked nearly three-quarters of it. In the complex power struggles in Europe starting in 1661, he shifted allegiance by always joining with the weaker party, hoping to maintain the balance of power. According to Branderburger spies, the Swedes had no idea that the electors army had drawn so close. Carsten describes how it was the army he had founded that accomplished, in 1871, the triumphant unification of the German Empire and fought the battles of the Third Reich. The Great Elector. }[rI"ml %Q 6Z 3 Tugwl0_;{\a="2O.(ppxwg-O7/Sa7Fp7exT Brandenburg was well on its way to forming an army that eventually would pose a challenge to any opponent. During the following decade, the elector was dedicated to maintaining the status quo in order to preserve his rights against threats from Sweden, German Catholic princes, and the Habsburg emperor. Besides, he had little choice but to combine with the Austrians if he wanted any chance to fightattempting to battle the French alone would be nothing short of suicide. In 1672, when Louis launched a war of conquest against the Dutch Republic, two very different states were forced to make that difficult choice. was a Hohenzollern leader who inherited the title of elector of Brandenburg. Frederick William, Derfflinger, and the rest of the Brandenburger cavalry arrived at noon, raising the electors total strength to roughly 7,000 horsemen against the equally numerous Swedes. A pleasure to deal with. After the Seven Years' War he introduced the iron plow, crop rotation, and clover. The numbers you entered don't match the image. Quantity: 2 available. 2001. xiii + 286 pp. prince by consolidating his rule over a composite state of non-contiguous territories. It soon became apparent that the army, to survive, must advance into Brandenburg and begin taking its necessities by force. In the Second Northern War, he was forced to accept Swedish vassalage for the Duchy of Prussia according to the terms of the Treaty of Knigsberg (1656),[2] but as the war progressed he succeeded in gaining full sovereignty for the Prussian duchy in the treaties of Labiau, Wehlau, Bromberg and Oliva, leaving the Holy Roman Emperor as his only liege for his imperial holdings. Psychologically, however, the triumph belonged to Brandenburg, which earned the distinction of being the first minor German state in modern times to deal such a stunning blow to a major European power. One of the continuing challenges facing the great elector throughout his reign was to increase the size and professional competence of his army, and given the poverty of his lands, he often relied upon subsidies from foreign governments that came at the cost of forcing the elector into numerous temporary alliances. He was an advocate of mercantilism, monopolies, subsidies, tariffs, and internal improvements. His goal was to make Prussia a powerful military state with an independent economy. On the other side of the lines, the Swedes too were at a crossroads. Beachy on McKay, 'The Great Elector: Frederick William of, Review published on Thursday, May 1, 2003. Before conflict broke out, the elector died in 1688. The march was a stunning success. On hearing what had occurred, the elector exulted, I can use this to get all of Pomerania.. Following Louis XIV's revocation of the Edict of Nantes, Frederick William encouraged skilled French and Walloon Huguenots to emigrate to Brandenburg-Prussia with the Edict of Potsdam, bolstering the country's technical and industrial base. At his accession to the electorship, Brandenburg was ravaged by war and occupied by foreign troops. His success in rebuilding the lands and his astute military and diplomatic leadership propelled him into the ranks of the prominent rulers in an era of "absolutism". kk2-,-k}$d/'y32I=E4gV29gsw 9cSGg(CO kOpy^^JL,oR+/sS%-yb |"Ly(KO~"Hd,Vyf He managed to lead the army into Westphalia, but Turenne was unwilling to do battle and beat a hasty retreat. In 1668 he **a**. Louis, by contrast, was overjoyed to see one of his enemies accepting French supremacy, and he quickly agreed to the electors offer of peace. He, like Frederick William, preferred to attack, but the emperor had tied his hands. Something of a novelty in the period, Frederick William always made it a point to consult his officers in times of war. The way to push things through to a finish effectively must be learned. On July 1, 1674, Frederick William officially rejoined the coalition against France, marching back toward the Rhine with 16,000 men. suspicion Beginning in 1356, each ruler of Brandenburg had been one of seven electors who chose the emperors of the Holy Roman Empire, dominated by the Austrian Habsburg Dynasty. Frederick William was livid. Contrary to appearances, Montecuccoli was highly upset by his orders. His economic endeavors failed to transform Brandenburg-Prussia. Tenants include the relocated main offices of the National Cancer Institute 's Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research as well as Charles River Labs . To the Swedish rear lay a conglomeration of large swampsa certain detriment should a sudden, hurried retreat be necessary. was King Frederick I's grandson, who became king in 1740, and was a mercantilist. was a Russian tsar. The Book of Disquiet: The Complete Edition by Fernando Pessoa (#165873554872), Kos 1 : 60 000 by Road Ekdoseis AE (#165794082746), - The Great Elector: Frederick William of Brandenburg-Pr. Before the death of Charles VI, many of the European powers had guaranteed that Charles's daughter Maria Theresa would succeed him. Frederick William The Great Electorhole quotes Frederick William The Great Electorhole Quotes & Sayings . Quantity: 2 available. Frederick William (German: Friedrich Wilhelm; 16 February 1620 29 April 1688) was Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia, thus ruler of Brandenburg-Prussia, from 1640 until his death in 1688. He favored Calvinist advisers, but to gain toleration for his Calvinism, he had to accept toleration for the majority Lutheran population. Since 1415, the Hohenzollerns Hohenzollerns had been the ruling family of Brandenburg Brandenburg , a small state in northern Germany, that was relatively poor in resources. Swedish casualties were much higher, and they would lose still more as a result of incessant peasant raids. was a German family who ruled Brandenburg from 1415 and later extended their control to Prussia. WebFrederick, Prince of Anhalt-Harzgerode (16131670) Austria. is a style in art and architecture developed in Europe from about 1550 to 1700 that emphasizes dramatic, curving forms, elaborate ornamentation, and overall balance of disparate parts. Brandenburg now possessed an officer corps that was tied to the interests of the state rather than functioning merely as a group of mercenaries concerned with their own careers and financial gain. He even secretly informed Louis that he would keep the Austrian army behind the Rhine. What was Frederick William the Great Elector known for? Maybe you wanted to enjoy our rich variety of performing and visual arts. He restricted imports through high tariffs and encouraged exports by offering subsidies to domestic industries. On Waldemars command, a wave of Swedish infantry, followed by cavalry, stormed up the hill. Just to be certain, however, Frederick William forged a nonaggression pact with the Swedes before plunging again into war with France. New York: Longman, 2001. was also known as Ivan the Great. Fortunately for Frederick William, a strong ally in the form of the Austrian Hapsburgs emerged to challenge the French as well. A man must be master of his hours and days, not their servant. The state was then known as Brandenburg, ruled by an elector of the Holy Roman Empire, Frederick William. He was wrong. It was Christmas Day, 1674. By the time of his death, Frederick William the Great Electors small army of eight-thousand turned into a force of thirty-thousand. Their purpose was to avoid the enemy, beat them to the town, and destroy the towns lone bridge, thus severing the Swedish retreat. He later destroyed another Swedish army that invaded the Duchy of Prussia during the Great Sleigh Drive in 1678. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. - Item exactly as described, in perfect condition. Shipping company Norddeutscher Lloyd (aka North German Lloyd) also built a cargo and passenger liner for North Atlantic service with the same name that was later taken into US Navy service. In the second half of the 17th century, Frederick William, the Great Elector, developed Brandenburg-Prussia into a major power. [4] In 1666 his title to Cleves, Jlich and Ravensberg was definitely recognized. Waldemar, satisfied to cross the now-repaired bridge, subsequently did so in good order, leaving behind eight of his cannons. With great fury the attackers swarmed inside the town, catching the vast majority of the Swedes asleep in their beds. He concocted a strategy in which he would quickly capture the little town of Rathenow, located directly between Havelberg and Alt-Brandenburg, and split the Swedish army in two. Building up his army and his alliances, by the end of the 1650s it appeared that Sweden would be forced to abandon lands claimed by the elector, but France backed the Swedes as a counterweight to the imperial Habsburgs, and Frederick William had to settle with being recognized as the duke of Prussia. frederick william the great elector quotes. Although he rejoined the anti-French alliance in 1674, this left him diplomatically isolated; despite conquering much of Swedish Pomerania during the Scanian War, he was obliged to return most of it to Sweden in the 1679 Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye. He introduced permanent taxation. Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg To which House did Elector Frederick William belong? A. expunge, B. collate, C. extol, D. prate E. impute. The Great Elector: Frederick William of Brandenburg-Prussia. At his accession the scattered lands of the Hohenzollern were devastated and depopulated by the Thirty Years War and occupied by Swedish troops. The elector had been working to persuade the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold to join him in combating Louis, and he was delighted when the emperor dispatched an army to the Rhine under Raimondo Montecuccoli, a talented commander and a hero of the Thirty Years War. WebLocated less than one hour from Washington, D.C., Baltimore, and Gettysburg, the city of Frederick, Maryland is surrounded by mountain views, wineries, orchards and vibrant Main Street communities. At the same time, the battle served to underscore Swedens gradual decline. (Shorter Notices). events, and resources. Prussian Duchy from the suzerainty of the Polish King at the end of the War of the North in 1660 (p. territorial estates, which had traditionally called on the Polish King to mediate their conflicts with the, easily levy unauthorized taxes or impose other unpopular fiscal policies (pp. David Parker, "Absolutism" in Peter Stearns, ed., Princess Dorothea Sophie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glcksburg, Philip William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt, Marie Amelie, Hereditary Princess of Mecklenburg-Gstrow, Elisabeth Sophie, Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen, Philip, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glcksburg, Joachim Frederick, Elector of Brandenburg, German colonial projects before 1871#Brandenburg-Prussian colonies, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick_William,_Elector_of_Brandenburg&oldid=1126229370, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the Encyclopedia Americana with a Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopdia Britannica, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, William Henry, Electoral Prince of Brandenburg (16481649), Carsten, Francis L. "The Great Elector and the foundation of the Hohenzollern despotism.

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