I do not believe any one else would develop it if I do not, but I do hope to live long enough to prove I am a good business man by getting a dividend on my investment. [60][61] At 3 p.m. on the day of the funeral, May 23, 1913, every engine on the Florida East Coast Railway stopped wherever it was for ten minutes as a tribute to Flagler. Henry Flagler, who was considered the "brain" Rockefeller "Standard Oil," better known perhaps as the creator of the "American Riviera" in Florida (Standiford, pp. It had become the richest, biggest, most feared business in the world, seemingly immune to the boom and bust of the business cycle, consistently racking up profits year after year. "[63], Miami's main east-west street is named Flagler Street and is the main shopping street in Downtown Miami. It kept oil prices low to stave off competitors, made its products affordable to the average household, and, to increase market penetration, sometimes sold below cost if necessary. Henry Flagler passed away May 20, 1913, and the construction of the "Over-Sea" road served as an example of his substantial impact on the state. 0:58. During this time he worked to pay back his stepbrother. His business dealings, along with those of partner John D. Rockefeller's, were laid out in painstaking detail by one bold muckraker of the era, Ida However, a great cloud of bad luck was soon to fall over the Flagler family. Was Colonel Henry Ostrom's first wife Elizabeth FLAGLER? Whatever the case may be, Flagler focused on his family and his fortune during the years of 1861 to 1865. It was initially intended to house entertainment amenities for the Ponce de Leon guests but was soon reimagined as its own hotel. This conflict created a breach between father and son that lasted until Henry Flagler was on his deathbed. Flagler also met one Dr. Andrew Anderson, who would almost immediately become a lifelong partner and friend. The Awakening of Saint Augustine: The Anderson Family and the Oldest City: 1821-1924. [citation needed], By 1905, Flagler decided that his Florida East Coast Railway should be extended from Biscayne Bay to Key West, a point 128 miles (206km) past the end of the Florida peninsula. Although not much is known about Ida Alice Flagler, many sources claim she became fond of opulent parties and leisurely pursuits that were available to the fabulously wealthy. In fact, after completing the eighth grade, he decided to leave home and went to Ohio to find his fortune. Together, the three set their sights on opening a distillery that would serve nearby railroad workers. In 1882, Flagler and Rockefeller's lawyers created an innovative form of corporation to centralize their holdings, giving birth to the Standard Oil Trust. Thus began an era of Flagler's life that he never spoke about to the press one of scrimping and scraping. Cleveland became very well known for oil refining, as, "More and more crude oil was shipped from the oil regions to Cleveland for the refining process because of transportation facilities and the aggressiveness of the refiners there. Layton, 33001, United States of America - Excellent location - show map. "[55], Flagler allegedly used convicts leased from Florida prison camps, the majority of them African-American, to clear land for the Royal Palm Hotel in Miami and to build the Florida East Coast Railway from West Palm Beach to Miami and the rail extension to Key West. If they refused the offer, Flagler and Rockefeller told them they would run them into bankruptcy and then cheaply buy up their assets at auction. The case can be made that Flagler was the intellectual genius who devised both the overall concepts and the details of the company policies and programs that turned Standard Oil into the most feared, powerful, and profitable company of the 19th and early . "I never had an animus against their size and wealth, never objected to their corporate form. Mary Flagler Cary (1901-1967) was the daughter of Harry Harkness Flagler, and granddaughter of Henry Morrison Flagler, one of the founders of Standard Oil. Stately and serious, genteel and generous some have even referred to him as "Uncle Henry.". In just eighteen months of harried work and lavish spending, the Ponce de Leon Hotel was opened for business in January of 1888. [11] Part of this scheme was the announcement of sharply increased freight charges. He returned to St. Augustine in 1885 and made Smith an offer. That craze mounted when two months later, Flagler filed for divorce in Dade County and was granted such on August 13th, 1901. Pennsylvania revoked the cartel's charter, and non-preferential rates were restored for the time being. "For the longest time, I could not imagine why Jean would save Whitehall," said Mr. Ponce. He married his second wife, Miss Ida Shrouds, the daughter of a Philadelphia minister, in 1883. This was the beginning of the Standard Oil company, which would catapult both men into unimaginable levels of wealth. Please disable your ad blocker to view the video content. Last Train to Paradise. Those first two seasons during which Flagler hosted an innumerable amount of parties, electric light displays, and opulent dinners (all of which were accompanied by music from the best musicians of the time) were met with eager approval by guests and the press. [54] Built in 1902 as a wedding present to Mary Lily, Whitehall (now the Flagler Museum) was a 60,000-square-foot (5,600m) winter retreat that established the Palm Beach "season" of about 812 weeks, for the wealthy of America's Gilded Age. Bowman, Bryan & Kathy Roberts Forde. If you ask the same question in Florida, most people will have known someone who lives on Flagler Blvd., in Flagler County, or down the road from the Flagler Museum. 1-17. McGuire & McDonald were in charge of construction. [citation needed], In 1912, the Florida Overseas Railroad was completed to Key West. The Early Years of The Ponce de Leon: Clippings from an Old Scrap Book of those days. In 1897, Flagler opened the exclusive Royal Palm Hotel on the north bank of the Miami River where it overlooked Biscayne Bay. What kind of a man was Henry Flagler and why do you think this? In an overall calculation of America's oil refineries' assets and capital, Standard Oil surpassed all. After many years of work, it opened on January 10, 1888, and was an instant success. MLA: VisitStAugustine.com. Nine trustees, including Rockefeller, ran the 41 companies in the trust. Through this business, Flagler became acquainted with John D. Rockefeller, who worked as a commission agent with Hewitt and Tuttle for the Harkness Grain Company. In 1869, Henry Flagler began buying out small oil refineries on behalf of John D. Rockefeller, who had it in his mind to monopolize the oil industry in Ohio. He was also a key figure in the development of the Atlantic coast of Florida and founder of the Florida East Coast Railway. Flagler's second wife, the former Ida Alice Shourds, was declared insane[50] by Flagler's friend Dr. Anderson in 1896 and was institutionalized on and off starting that year. For a time, Ida Alice and Henry Flagler both stayed and entertained guests within Kirkside, but trouble was on the horizon for Flagler and his second wife. FLORIDA KEYS Henry Morrison Flagler never lived in the Florida Keys, but he left a more lasting and valuable mark on the island chain than many lifelong residents. Flagler's wife died shortly after the partnership was formed. Flagler and Rockefeller then decided to issue certificates against oil stored in Standard Oil's pipelines. Pratt and Rogers became Flagler and Rockefeller's partners. In 1887, Congress created the Interstate Commerce Commission, which was tasked with enforcing equal rates for all railroad freight, but by then Standard depended more on pipeline transport. One of Flagler's other St. Augustine Hotels, the Casa Monica, was originally built by Franklin W. Smith, who built the Villa Zorayda. the Trust and Non-Profit Organization established by Flagler's grand-daughter Jean Flagler Matthews, to preserve Whitehall, has . In 1868, at age 37, Flagler joined with John Rockefeller and Samuel Andrews to form the Rockefeller, Andrews and Flagler Oil Refinery. That same year Flagler completed the Hotel Continental in Jacksonville. [20] The New York State Legislature's Hepburn Committee in 1879 conducted hearings in response to the complaints of local merchants that were not involved in the oil trade in order to investigate railroad rebate practices. His next project was the Ponce de Leon Hotel, now part of Flagler College. Augustine. "The Mary Lily Kenan Conspiracy." By 1896, Flagler's railroad, the Florida East Coast Railway, reached Biscayne Bay. [7] The partnership eventually grew into the Standard Oil Corporation. Whitehall, Palm Beach, is open to the public as the Henry Morrison Flagler Museum; his private railcar No. [22] Despite improving the quality and availability of kerosene products while greatly reducing their cost to the public (the price of kerosene dropped by nearly 80% over the life of the company), Standard Oil's business practices created intense controversy. Flagler and Rockefeller finally gave up their dream of controlling all the world's oil refining. He also used labor agencies to bring around 4,000 new immigrants to Florida who contracted to work until their transportation costs had been paid off. These included, among many others, Continental Oil, which became Conoco, now part of ConocoPhillips; Standard of Indiana, which became Amoco, now part of BP; Standard of California, which became Chevron; Standard of New Jersey, which became Esso (and later, Exxon), now part of ExxonMobil; Standard of New York, which became Mobil, now part of ExxonMobil; and Standard of Ohio, which became Sohio, now part of BP. Henry Morrison Flagler was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil. As he went, Flagler spent exorbitant amounts of money to build hotels in certain cities along the way. As he grew older, he became determined to never be poor again. May 17, 2018. "Especially since her father would have never stepped foot in the house. At the age of 14, after completing the eighth grade, Flagler moved to Bellevue, Ohio where he found work with his cousins in the grain store of L.G. '"[42] Flagler served as an active part of Standard Oil until 1882, when he stepped back to take a secondary role at Standard Oil. Flagler encouraged fruit farming and settlement along his railway line and made many gifts to build hospitals, churches and schools in Florida. Henry M. Flagler's Florida East Coast Railway, Boynton station Nathan Boynton's winter home - later the Hotel Boynton While Murray and other laborers constructed the two-story wooden structure, the Murray family lived in a canvas tent on the west side of the canal (known today at the inland or Intracoastal Waterway). The couple traveled to St. Augustine, Florida, which they . [29] Robert Nobel had established his own refining enterprise in the abundant and cheaper Russian oil fields, including the region's first pipeline and the world's first oil tanker. In 1885, Standard Oil moved its corporate headquarters to New York City to the iconic 26 Broadway location. [4], After the failure of his salt business in Saginaw, Flagler returned to Bellevue in 1866 and reentered the grain business as a commission merchant with the Harkness Grain Company. And even Thomas Edison had his hand in this project, having been responsible for wiring the entirety of the Hotel Ponce de Leon with electricity. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 - May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil, which was first based in Ohio. Standard Oil grew to become one of the largest shippers of oil and kerosene in the country. As we know, Flagler's business activity in Florida had earned him the attention of the public as well as state officials. She and her family were given expensive gifts by Henry Flagler in celebration. Franklin W. Smith had just finished building Villa Zorayda and Flagler offered to buy it for his honeymoon. Henry Flagler: A Man of Big Dreams Henry Flagler was born on January 2, 1830. What happened to Henry Flagler's daughter? 91 is preserved inside a Beaux Arts pavilion built to look like a 19th-century railway palace. As a result, Flagler and Rockefeller and their associates owned dozens of separate corporations, each of which operated in just one state; the management of the whole enterprise was rather unwieldy. [44], Although Flagler remained on the board of directors of Standard Oil, he gave up his day-to-day involvement in the corporation to pursue his interests in Florida. "When John D. Rockefeller was asked if the Standard Oil company was the result of his thinking, he answered, 'No, sir. Dan married Lamon's eldest daughter, Isabella, in 1849 (yes, they were first cousins). It was here where Flagler would host his final parties and conduct his final business transactions. 3 episodes. When son Harry Harkness Flagler was born in December of 1870, Mary's frail health was greatly weakened by giving birth. In the kerosene industry, Standard Oil replaced the old distribution system with its own vertical system. Now, imagine two hundred-plus years have passed. Henry Morrison Flagler (1830 - 1913) Henry Morrison Flagler Born 2 Jan 1830 in Hopewell, Ontario, New York, USA Ancestors Son of Isaac Flagler and Elizabeth (Caldwell) Flagler Brother of Stephen Vanderburgh Harkness [half] and Daniel Morrison Harkness [half] Husband of Mary (Harkness) Flagler married 9 Nov 1853 (to 18 May 1881) in Huron, Ohio Besides its two refineries and a barrel plant in Cleveland, it possessed a fleet of tank cars and warehouses in the oil regions as well as warehouses and tanks in New York. In 1853, Flagler married Mary Harkness, the daughter of Lamon Harkness - owner of the general store where he was formerly employed. Tarbell's father had been driven out of the oil business during the South Improvement Company affair. St. Augustine city officials and businessmen were mostly grateful that Henry Flagler had chosen their little hamlet to 'please himself' by developing it and filling it with tourists. whereas said Henry M. Flagler has recently lost by death a beloved daughter and in affectionate remembrance of her has been desirous of erecting some worthy monument to her Memory and believing that nothing should be more accordant with her known wishes and the tenor of her life on earth than that such Memorial should be a temple devoted to the worship of God and the teaching of that living faith in which she lived and died has erected in the City of St. Augustine a church edifice in loving . It was reported that people along the railway line waited all night for the passing of the funeral train as it traveled from Palm Beach to St. Visually exquisite, the Flagler Memorial Presbyterian Church was built by Henry Flagler in 1889. He is known as the father of Miami, Florida, and founded the city of Palm Beach. He later joined Daniel in a grain business started with his uncle Lamon in Bellevue, Ohio. When he was 23, Flagler married Mary Harkness, a frail, 20-year-old cousin of Dan Harkness. Her great-nephew Lawrence Louis Junior utilized some of those funds in founding Flagler College, where Henry Flagler's legacy lives on to this day. Along with the Ponce de Leon Hotel complex (which included four buildings in total), Flagler was also spending money on the construction of several other projects, including an estate for himself and his second wife, Ida Alice Flagler. Here is a list of Flagler's hotels (that he either purchased or built) along Florida's east coast: To learn more about Henry Flagler's East Coast Railway, consult the 'Works Referenced' section at the end of this Historical Person profile. He was also a key figure in the development of the eastern coast of Florida along the Atlantic Ocean and was founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway. We Floridians have a very specific image of Henry Flagler in our minds: he is an old man with bright eyes cast in bronze. [31], Standard Oil moved its headquarters to New York City, at 26 Broadway, and Flagler and Rockefeller became central figures in the city's business community. The Bingham-Flagler marriage (and questions about her death or possible murder) figured prominently in several books that appeared in the 1980s, when the Bingham family sold the newspaper in the midst of great acrimony. His parents were very poor and struggled to feed their family. Gainesville, FL. In January of 1870 at the age of 40, Flagler officially co-founded Standard Oil alongside John D. Rockefeller. "The Flagler Pavilion was built across the street at Edgewood for the Flaglers' daughter Elizabeth's 1927 wedding to J. Andrews Harris lll," said Millbrook Historian David Greenwood. "[35], Flagler and Rockefeller continued to consolidate their oil interests as best they could until New Jersey, in 1909, changed its incorporation laws to effectively allow a re-creation of the trust in the form of a single holding company. Henry Flagler's most monumental accomplishment was realized only a year before he died. In fact, Henry Flagler was so pleased with his Florida projects that he began the construction of a second hotel, just across the street from the Ponce de Leon. [citation needed], Flagler and Rockefeller began a publicity campaign to put the company and themselves in a better light. The committee ultimately discovered the previously unknown scope of Standard Oil's business interests. To get a more in-depth narrative of the life of that building complex, visit The Ponce de Leon Hotel's Historical Place profile on our website. Congress concluded that newspapers in Florida and across the South spread the deceitful news against Flagler. Originally published by E.H. Reynolds in St. Augustine Florida, 1892. [32] More threatening to Standard's power was the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, originally used to control unions, but later central to the breakup of the Standard Oil trust. An incident that is commonly cited as being 'the straw that broke the camel's back' occurred on one of the Flaglers' expensive yachts (of which the couple had many the Alicia was even named after Ida Alice). "Flagler's Magnificent Hotel Ponce de Leon," FL: The Florida Historical Quarterly, Issue 54, Volume 1. Played by Tom Amandes. Over the course of her marriage to Henry Flagler, Ida Alice Shourds is reported to have begun displaying unstable behavior she was rumored to have a temper, and her fondness for lavish parties and attention did not go unnoticed by Gilded Age Society. I was willing that they should combine and grow as big and wealthy as they could, but only by legitimate means. Ida Alice Shourds became Ida Alice Shourds Flagler in June of 1883 and moved into the Flagler family home the day after their wedding. "1892-A Year of Crucial Decisions in Florida", This page was last edited on 2 December 2022, at 15:49. Harkness and Company, at a salary of $5 per month plus room and board. Immediately, she began taking advantage of the fortune she had married into like any budding socialite, she loved gowns, jewelry, and yachts. As our little daughter is only 8 month old we wanted to provide her a sheltered place to sit in in the 25 degrees and we wanted to visit the house while we swap over looking after her as . To add to the tragic circumstances, her baby daughter also died. Flagler dredged a channel, built streets, instituted the first water and power systems, and financed the city's first newspaper, The Metropolis. His father, Isaac Flagler, was a Presbyterian minister. He was the baby of the household, being born several years after the youngest of his siblings. Through his work with the Harkness company, Henry Flagler made the acquaintance of John D. Rockefeller. The company expanded into the grain and distillery businesses, and the latter was sold after making considerable money. "[59], In March 1913, Flagler fell down a flight of marble stairs at Whitehall. To further convince Flagler to continue the railroad to Miami, he was offered land in exchange for laying rail tracks from private landowners, the Florida East Coast Canal and Transportation Company, and the Boston and Florida Atlantic Coast Land Company. He never recovered and died in Palm Beach of his injuries on May 20, 1913 at 83 years of age. It seemed a new leaf was turning for the little family of the Robber Baron. After finishing the eighth grade at fourteen, Henry followed his half-brother Dan to Ohio. "[57][58], According to historian Joe Knetsch, reformers and muckrakers exaggerated charges of peonage regarding construction of the Florida East Coast Railway in 1893 to 1909. (Context from a 21st-century author: This story takes place nearly two generations before women were granted the right to vote a time when we were generally valued for being subservient, delicate, and fertile. In February of 1885, the couple took a delayed honeymoon to St. Augustine Ida Alice was thirty-seven and Henry Flagler was fifty-five. Having had no prior experience in the salt industry, the Flagler & York company flopped and Henry lost around $100,000 ($100K in 1865 is nearly $2 million in 2022). Estate All the things he owned. Today, when you ask someone if they know about Henry Flagler, they are likely to answer with a shake of their head and a shrug. In fact, this was a struggle that was occurring all over the country. On the condition that Anderson get the city's streets paved, Henry Flagler agreed to buy a portion of that land. His personal dedication to the state of Florida was demonstrated when he began construction on his private residence, Kirkside, in St. Augustine. The Hotel Alcazar is now the location of St. Augustine City Hall and the Lightner Museum, and the Casa Monica Hotel is still in business to this day. Henry B Flagler was born on month day 1836, at birth place, New York, to Thomas Flagler and Rachael M Flagler. If you stroll through the area of St. Augustine immediately west of downtown, you will experience the extraordinary influence of New Yorker Henry Morrison . [citation needed], Needing capital for his new venture, Rockefeller approached Flagler in 1867. Sets with similar terms swee1122 See more ideas about flagler, key west, florida. After two years of institutionalization and much assessment by the courts, Ida Alice Shourds Flagler was legally ruled incurably insane in 1899. However, the boom did not last. July, 1975. pg. Expert Help. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil, which was first based in Ohio. [citation needed]. During this trip, they went to St. Augustine and the city intrigued Flagler. The accommodation features a satellite TV. Enamoured by what Henry Flagler had been up to down south, droves of rich tourists made that harrowing journey to St. Augustine. St. Augustine, FL: Saint Augustine Historical Society, 1978. His grandson Solomon changed the spelling of the surname to Flagler and passed it on to his 11 children. Flagler wanted to take advantage of additional trade with Cuba and Latin America as well as the increased trade with the west that the Panama Canal would bring. Flagler renamed it the Hotel Cordova, after the street that it was on. In the springtime of 1870, Mary Harkness Flagler even became pregnant with the couple's third child (the aforementioned Henry "Harry" Flagler). Chicago: VisitStAugustine.com. [33], Upon his ascent to the presidency, Theodore Roosevelt initiated dozens of suits under the Sherman Antitrust Act and coaxed reforms out of Congress. The company collapsed when the war undercut commercial demand for salt. Flamingo Visitor Center is 24 miles away. 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